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Senate Republicans on Wednesday elected a new majority leader who not only opposes legalizing marijuana but has also called for a reversal of the Biden administration’s plan to reschedule cannabis and has criticized Democrats for working to increase the industry’s access to banking services.

Sen. John Thune (R-SD), who defeated Sens. John Cornyn (R-TX) and Rick Scott (R-FL) in an election for the leadership slot, joined other GOP lawmakers in a letter in July challenging the current administration’s marijuana rescheduling push, urging that the policy proposal be trashed.

The rescheduling rule “fails to provide adequate science and data to support moving marijuana to schedule III and should not have been signed or published,” the letter Thune signed says, calling it “irresponsible” for federal health officials to “make this determination when emerging research shows that there are significant health concerns associated with marijuana use.”

The letter details Thune’s and other Republican lawmakers’ concerns about marijuana’s health effects, suggesting that there is a “clear association between cannabis use and psychosis, anxiety, cognitive failures, respiratory adverse events, cancer, cardiovascular outcomes and gastrointestinal disorders.”

It also claims that “sexual disfunction was twice as high in men who used marijuana” and that “marijuana use among veterans with PTSD was associated with worse PTSD symptoms, more violent behavior, and alcohol use.”

Beyond criticizing cannabis use and policy reform, the letter Thune signed further calls into question whether marijuana has any medical value.

“Medical marijuana dispensaries sell edibles and vapes that come in flavors like passion raspberry, blueberry calm, wild cherry, and sour apple,” it says. “Pretending that these products are medicine that can treat health conditions is doing a disservice to Americans.”

“It remains the case that marijuana has no currently accepted medical use,” Thune and his Republican colleague wrote. “The fact that states have labeled marijuana as ‘medicine’ does not change the nature of the drug… We urge you to withdraw this proposal and maintain marijuana as a schedule I drug.”

Separately, as Senate Democrats moved to advance a marijuana legalization bill in 2021, Thune said that cannabis reform is “something we’ll probably have to grapple with here.” But he’s consistently opposed even modest proposals to allow marijuana industry banking.

Earlier this year, Thune said attaching cannabis banking legislation to an aviation bill would be “a non-starter,” noting that Republican  opposition to the idea is “very strong.”

He called the then-Democratic-controlled House’s proposal to include marijuana banking reform in a large-scale coronavirus relief bill “crazy stuff” in 2020, complaining in a floor speech that the text of the underlying legislation mentions “cannabis” more times than “jobs.”

Was on the air with @hughhewitt this AM. We spoke about House Dems’ massive new spending package that’s really a grab bag of Dem agenda items disguised as #COVID19 relief. As was said, it mentions cannabis more times than it mentions jobs. Nobody is taking it seriously.

— Senator John Thune (@SenJohnThune) May 14, 2020


“In case Democrats didn’t realize, Americans aren’t suffering from a lack of cannabis right now,” Thune said in a speech on the Senate floor. “They’re suffering from a lack of employment.”

He also said that Democrats’ push to advance a marijuana legalization bill was a “great illustration of the gap in priorities.”

A great illustration of the gap in priorities: While Republicans are continuing to negotiate on COVID relief, Democrats are holding votes on a Tiger King bill & legalizing cannabis. Let’s get serious & do our job for Americans.

— Senator John Thune (@SenJohnThune) December 4, 2020


“While Republicans are continuing to negotiate on COVID relief, Democrats are holding votes on a Tiger King bill & legalizing cannabis,” he said. “Let’s get serious & do our job for Americans.”

Back in 2014, Thune said that while he understands that “people have strong opinions on both sides of this debate, I do not support legalizing the use of marijuana.”

“Currently, the medical benefits from the use of marijuana are still inconclusive, and I believe that we must be careful not to increase the availability of marijuana and the use of marijuana for non-medical reasons,” the senator said in a constituent letter. “However, I support the development of alternative medications that will provide relief to patients without opening the door to substance abuse.”

One more time for @HouseDemocrats in the back: This bill will not pass the Senate.

It shouldn’t pass. Look what’s in it: – Taxpayer $$ for illegal immigrants – Tells states how to handle their elections – 68 mentions of “cannabis”

What does any of that have to do with #COVID19?

— Senator John Thune (@SenJohnThune) May 15, 2020


The next year, he called legalization a “dangerous path,” adding that voters who enacted the reform in Colorado are “going to pay a price for it.”

In 2021, Thune acknowledged that cannabis is an “area that’s still evolving, and our country’s views on it are evolving,” adding that “how we deal with it nationally I think is still an open question.”

“Medical’s getting big — the recreational not as big yet, but it’s growing — and there’ll be more initiatives on the ballot,” he said.

For what it’s worth, voters in Thune’s home state of South Dakota approved a marijuana legalization initiative at the ballot in 2020, but it was overturned by the state Supreme Court. Voters subsequently rejected legalization proposals in 2022 and 2024.

In Election’s Aftermath, Pennsylvania And Hawaii Appear Most Likely To Legalize Marijuana In 2025, Advocates Predict

 
 
 

With Republicans winning control of the U.S. Senate in last week’s elections, a key question for marijuana reform advocates and stakeholders is what the selection of a new GOP majority leader will mean for cannabis reform.

There are three names currently at the top of the list of potential majority leaders who will set the legislative agenda: Sens. John Cornyn (R-TX), Rick Scott (R-FL) and John Thune (R-SD). None have embraced ending prohibition, and each has a track record of expressing concerns about cannabis use or even moderate policy reforms such as those endorsed by President-elect Donald Trump on the campaign trail.

With Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) having already announced he will not be seeking to return to the leadership position, this will the first time since 2007 that the GOP caucus will be selecting a new majority leader. Republican senators are set to meet on Wednesday to make that determination.

Trump hasn’t endorsed a specific candidate to assume the top Senate role, but while Thune is generally considered a front-runner, certain of the president-elect’s allies such as Elon Musk have been pushing for Scott to become the chamber’s leader.

However it shakes out, the current contenders are united in their opposition to legalizing marijuana.

There are some in the industry who remain hopeful that Trump’s embrace of an unsuccessful Florida legalization measure, cannabis banking reform and rescheduling could move the party to fall in line. But the extent to which the incoming president cares enough about the issue to forcefully push for, or even occasionally mention, it from the White House remains to be seen.

After announcing his support for the policy change, Trump became relatively quiet on the issue ahead of the election—which may partly explain why his supporters evidently did not adopt his position, according to a recent poll.

And based on the records of the top contenders for Senate majority leader, it seems highly unlikely they would proactively try to enact reform legislation without a major push from the president.

Here’s where the top candidates for Senate majority leader stand on marijuana:

Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX)

Cornyn has tentatively acknowledged that federal marijuana policy should be evaluated, calling the cash-intensive nature of the cannabis industry “a real threat” in 2019.

However, he said that the Senate should first hold a hearing on the “public health consequences” of ending cannabis prohibition before advancing legislation to resolve the financial services problem.

Even on the question of marijuana rescheduling, as proposed by the Biden administration and endorsed by Trump, the senator expressed opposition. In a public comment letter in July, he was among the 25 GOP congressional lawmakers who alleged that the government’s recommendation to move cannabis to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was based on politics rather than science.

He also suggested during a hearing with the head of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that the scientific review that led to the reform proposal wasn’t adequately comprehensive and involved a problematic change in process from past scheduling analyses.

🚨BIG🚨

Senator @JohnCornyn asks @SecBecerra about the flaws in the HHS marijuana rescheduling review at today’s @SenateFinance hearing.

Watch this 🔥 clip: pic.twitter.com/RMXeC3k2Kh

— SAM (@learnaboutsam) March 14, 2024


Cornyn additionally questioned whether the review examined health impacts of marijuana use on adolescent brains and pregnant women—echoing specific talking points that have been circulated by the prohibitionist group Smart Approaches to Marijuana (SAM) to criticize the HHS recommendation.

Cornyn characterized current Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer’s (D-NY) plan to advance cannabis banking legislation last summer as “wishful thinking.”

He also criticized Schumer’s support for a marijuana banking bill in a social media post.

As Congress seeks to avoid #SchumerShutdown, this is his priority: Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer says now is the time for Congress to pass legislation that would allow banks and credit unions to work with the legal cannabis industry. @BGOV

— Senator John Cornyn (@JohnCornyn) September 27, 2023


He also led a letter to Senate leadership that argued the Secure and Fair Enforcement Regulation (SAFER) Banking Act would result in the cannabis industry producing higher potency products that would be harmful to youth and compromise “the integrity of the United States banking system.”

Despite having repeatedly talked about the importance of promoting cannabis research, Cornyn objected to advancing a bill to accomplish that on an expedited basis in 2022.

He also raised an objection to attaching an intelligence bill to the National Defense Authorization Act in 2022 if it included a Democratic-led provision to prevent security clearance denials over marijuana alone.

Additionally, he suggested in May that legalization “hasn’t eliminated the illegal activities of growers, distributors and users,” raising concerns about illicit cannabis grow operations.

Cornyn said in 2019 that claims about the therapeutic potential of marijuana remind him of decades-old tobacco industry advertisements asserting that the product had medical benefits. And last year, he tweeted a link to an article claiming that “many Americans wrongly believe exposure to marijuana smoke is safer than tobacco.”

Many Americans wrongly believe exposure to marijuana smoke is safer than tobacco, study findshttps://t.co/ZPKjyRnN9j

— Senator John Cornyn (@JohnCornyn) August 20, 2023


“From 1999 to 2020, more than 920,000 Americans died from a drug overdose,” Cornyn said in a 2021 constituent letter. “I am concerned that marijuana legalization could make this epidemic worse.”

Cornyn has separately promoted stories claiming that cannabis use is associated with psychosis and that Americans “wrongly” believe marijuana is safer than tobacco.

More teens and young adults who use marijuana are experiencing psychotic episodes. “This is attacking young brains.” https://t.co/cbCSbEK4VN via @WSJ

— Senator John Cornyn (@JohnCornyn) January 11, 2024


Sen. Rick Scott (R-FL)

In August, Scott said he believes “marijuana is a gateway drug,” which has informed his opposition to federal and state-level reform, including the failed legalization proposal that was on the ballot in his state of Florida.

“I’m going to do everything I can to make sure these don’t pass,” he said, referring to both the cannabis measure and another ballot initiative on reproductive rights. The senator, who previously served as Floridas governor, explained that he planned to vote against the marijuana initiative due to his brother’s struggles with drugs.

“People end up with addictive personalities, and so he did,” Scott said. “It messes up your life, and so that’s why I’ve never supported legalization of drugs.”

The senator doesn’t appear to have publicly commented on his position on marijuana banking reform, but a spokesperson told Cannabis Business Times this year that he likely opposes it.

In 2020, Scott and other Republican senators filed a resolution that criticized New Jersey’s governor for imposing restrictions to public spaces such as churches amid the coronavirus pandemic, while “commercial establishments like marijuana dispensaries and liquor stores were permitted to remain open.”

As governor, he signed a limited medical cannabis legalization bill into law, but controversially waged a legal challenge to prevent patients from having access to smokable products, which Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) later successfully pushed to overturn.

Senate Minority Whip John Thune (R-SD)

Thune joined Cornyn and other lawmakers in the letter challenging the Biden administration’s marijuana rescheduling push, urging a reversal of the policy proposal.

As the Senate moved to advance a marijuana legalization bill in 2021, Thune said that cannabis reform is “something we’ll probably have to grapple with here.” But he’s consistently opposed even modest proposals to allow marijuana industry banking.

He called the then-Democratic-controlled House’s proposal to include cannabis banking reform in a large-scale coronavirus relief bill “crazy stuff” in 2020, complaining in a floor speech that the text of the underlying legislation mentions “cannabis” more times than “jobs.”

Was on the air with @hughhewitt this AM. We spoke about House Dems’ massive new spending package that’s really a grab bag of Dem agenda items disguised as #COVID19 relief. As was said, it mentions cannabis more times than it mentions jobs. Nobody is taking it seriously.

— Senator John Thune (@SenJohnThune) May 14, 2020


“In case Democrats didn’t realize, Americans aren’t suffering from a lack of cannabis right now,” Thune said. “They’re suffering from a lack of employment.”

He also said that Democrats’ push to advance a marijuana legalization bill was a “great illustration of the gap in priorities.”

A great illustration of the gap in priorities: While Republicans are continuing to negotiate on COVID relief, Democrats are holding votes on a Tiger King bill & legalizing cannabis. Let’s get serious & do our job for Americans.

— Senator John Thune (@SenJohnThune) December 4, 2020


“While Republicans are continuing to negotiate on COVID relief, Democrats are holding votes on a Tiger King bill & legalizing cannabis,” he said. “Let’s get serious & do our job for Americans.”

Back in 2014, Thune said that while he understands that “people have strong opinions on both sides of this debate, I do not support legalizing the use of marijuana.”

“Currently, the medical benefits from the use of marijuana are still inconclusive, and I believe that we must be careful not to increase the availability of marijuana and the use of marijuana for non-medical reasons,” the senator said in a constituent letter. “However, I support the development of alternative medications that will provide relief to patients without opening the door to substance abuse.”

The next year, he called legalization a “dangerous path,” adding that voters who enacted the reform in Colorado are “going to pay a price for it.”

In 2021, Thune acknowledged that cannabis is an “area that’s still evolving, and our country’s views on it are evolving,” adding that “how we deal with it nationally I think is still an open question.”

For what it’s worth, voters in Thune’s home state of South Dakota approved a marijuana legalization initiative at the ballot in 2020, but it was overturned by the state Supreme Court. Voters subsequently rejected legalization proposals in 2022 and 2024.

Idaho Campaign Files Final Version Of Marijuana Legalization Measure For 2026 Ballot

 
 
 

Many cannabis advocates and stakeholders were quick to cheer news that Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) will be stepping down from his leadership post later this year. But while it might seem like a positive development for the marijuana movement at first glance, a look at the records of his potential GOP replacements signals that reform efforts will likely continue to face resistance from the party’s leadership.

McConnell, the longest-serving Senate leader in history, has earned a reputation as a vociferously anti-marijuana member—despite his work championing the legalization of hemp under the 2018 Farm Bill. He’s firmly opposed even modest marijuana reform, proactively preventing the advancement of bipartisan legislation to ease cannabis businesses’ access to the banking system, for example.

That record helps explain the enthusiasm of the industry after he announced his retirement from leadership last week. But, so far, there has been little public analysis of the cannabis policy records of his potential successors.

Members who’ve indicated they will be throwing their hat in the ring include Senate Minority Whip John Thune (R-SD) and former Whip John Cornyn (R-TX).

Former President Donald Trump has reportedly been pushing Sen. Steve Daines (R-MT), who chairs the National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC), to join the race. That would no doubt be welcomed by the cannabis industry given his chief sponsorship of marijuana banking reform legislation, but the senator has not committed to seeking the leadership position.

First, a look at McConnell’s record.

As majority leader, McConnell did help usher in the federal legalization of hemp—a crop that he hoped Kentucky farmers and businesses would capitalize on. But he has been clear that he’s no fan of marijuana, which he calls hemp’s “illicit cousin, which I choose not to embrace.”

After Democrats reclaimed control of the Senate, promoting Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-NY) to majority leader, McConnell took credit for helping to quash efforts to pass the Secure and Fair Enforcement (SAFE) Banking Act through a large-scale defense bill.

He’s routinely criticized Democrats’ marijuana position, condemning then-House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) in 2020 for calling cannabis a potential therapeutic in the treatment of the COVID. And the year prior, McConnell accepted an honorary machete that was used to chop down “thousands” of marijuana plants.

To be sure, the legalization of hemp under McConnell’s leadership is a critical piece of his cannabis legacy. But for advocates and stakeholders, it’s a record besmirched by an obstinate refusal to go any further, even if that simply meant freeing up industry banking access under legislation that has cleared the House in bipartisan fashion in some form at least seven times now.

Even so, the GOP leader’s potential successors aren’t exactly allies of the movement, either:

Senate Minority Whip John Thune (R-SD)

As the Senate moved to advance a marijuana legalization bill in 2021, Thune said that cannabis reform is “something we’ll probably have to grapple with here.” But he’s consistently opposed even modest proposals to allow marijuana industry banking.

He called the Democratic-controlled House proposal to include cannabis banking reform in a large-scale coronavirus relief bill “crazy stuff” in 2020, complaining in a floor speech that the text of the underlying legislation mentions “cannabis” more times than “jobs.”

Was on the air with @hughhewitt this AM. We spoke about House Dems’ massive new spending package that’s really a grab bag of Dem agenda items disguised as #COVID19 relief. As was said, it mentions cannabis more times than it mentions jobs. Nobody is taking it seriously.

— Senator John Thune (@SenJohnThune) May 14, 2020


“In case Democrats didn’t realize, Americans aren’t suffering from a lack of cannabis right now,” Thune said. “They’re suffering from a lack of employment.”

He also said that Democrats’ push to advance a marijuana legalization bill was a “great illustration of the gap in priorities.”

A great illustration of the gap in priorities: While Republicans are continuing to negotiate on COVID relief, Democrats are holding votes on a Tiger King bill & legalizing cannabis. Let’s get serious & do our job for Americans.

— Senator John Thune (@SenJohnThune) December 4, 2020


“While Republicans are continuing to negotiate on COVID relief, Democrats are holding votes on a Tiger King bill & legalizing cannabis,” he said. “Let’s get serious & do our job for Americans.”

Back in 2014, Thune said that while he understands that “people have strong opinions on both sides of this debate, I do not support legalizing the use of marijuana.”

“Currently, the medical benefits from the use of marijuana are still inconclusive, and I believe that we must be careful not to increase the availability of marijuana and the use of marijuana for non-medical reasons,” the senator said in a constituent letter. “However, I support the development of alternative medications that will provide relief to patients without opening the door to substance abuse.”

The next year, he called legalization a “dangerous path,” adding that voters who enacted the reform in Colorado are “going to pay a price for it.”

In 2021, Thune acknowledged that cannabis is an “area that’s still evolving, and our country’s views on it are evolving,” adding that “how we deal with it nationally I think is still an open question.”

For what it’s worth, voters in Thune’s home state of South Dakota approved a marijuana legalization initiative at the ballot in 2020, but it was overturned by the state Supreme Court. Voters subsequently rejected a 2022 legalization proposal.

Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX)

Like Thune, Cornyn has tentatively acknowledged that federal marijuana policy should be evaluated, calling the cash-intensive nature of the cannabis industry “a real threat” in 2019.

However, he said that the Senate should first hold a hearing on the “public health consequences” of ending cannabis prohibition before advancing legislation to resolve the financial services problem.

Cornyn characterized Schumer’s plan to advance cannabis banking legislation last summer as “wishful thinking.”

He later led a letter to Senate leadership that argued the Secure and Fair Enforcement Regulation (SAFER) Banking Act would result in the cannabis industry producing higher potency products that would be harmful to youth and compromise “the integrity of the United States banking system.”

Despite having repeatedly talked about the importance of promoting cannabis research, Cornyn objected to advancing a bill to accomplish that on an expedited basis in 2022.

He also raised an objection to attaching an intelligence bill to the National Defense Authorization Act in 2022 if it included a Democratic-led provision to prevent security clearance denials over marijuana alone.

Cornyn also said in 2019 that claims about the therapeutic potential of marijuana remind him of decades-old tobacco industry advertisements asserting that the product had medical benefits. And last year, he tweeted a link to an article claiming that “many Americans wrongly believe exposure to marijuana smoke is safer than tobacco.”

“From 1999 to 2020, more than 920,000 Americans died from a drug overdose,” Corny said in a 2021 constituent letter. “I am concerned that marijuana legalization could make this epidemic worse.”

As noted, Daines’s name has also been floated a possible contender for the leadership position.

In stark contrast with Thune and Cornyn, Daines is the prime GOP Senate sponsor of the SAFER Banking Act to allow cannabis businesses to access traditional financial services.

However, as the chair of the NRSC, Daines is reportedly focused on ensuring the party’s success in the upcoming election and doesn’t have immediate plans to compete for the leadership spot, Axios reported.

Also, while Daines’s sponsorship of the cannabis banking bill makes him stand out among the other leadership contenders, he has taken pains to distance himself from the broader push for federal legalization.

Daines also filed legislation last September to prevent federal agencies from rescheduling cannabis without tacit approval from Congress amid an ongoing review directed by the Biden administration.

Daines, Thune, Cornyn and McConnell all voted last year to block legislation focused on expanding research on the benefits of medical cannabis for military veterans from advancing on the Senate floor.

An initial version of this story included an analysis of GOP Conference Chair John Barrasso’s (R-WY) marijuana policy record, but the senator has since announced he will not be running for the top leadership spot.

Federal Agency Says There’s ‘Little Research’ Supporting Marijuana Driving Impairment Tests Based On THC Concentration

Photo element courtesy of Gage Skidmore.

 
 
 

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